AZ Court

March 21, 2011

All robbery offenses are classified as felonies: Learn more about laws, sentencing, and why you need criminal defense for robbery charges.

CRIMINAL DEFENSE TEMPE AZ

Only with representation by a qualified Arizona criminal defense attorney, will you have a chance at avoiding a conviction, getting a case dismissal, reduced charges, “not-guilty verdict”, reduced sentencing or other favorable outcome in your case.

Tempe AZ robbery charges are classified as Class 4 Felonies under Arizona criminal code A.R.S. 13-1902. If you face robbery charges in Tempe, AZ you will need to consult an experienced felony lawyer who defends Tempe robbery charges on a regular basis. Top criminal defense lawyers in Arizona agree in most cases that you should defend your charges, plead “not guilty”, and hire a good Arizona criminal attorney who defends Tempe AZ robbery charges to defend your case as soon as possible. Most people feel, have too much to lose to be convicted of an Arizona felony charge.

Tempe AZ Felony Laws for Robbery
A.R.S. 13-1902 State Laws for Robbery are described below: (cited in part and paraphrased for legal ease and additional explanation)

A. Someone property was stolen; and
B. The owner or permissive caretaker, or other authorized party overseeing the property (such as a sales representative at a convenient store) was present at the time of this theft;
C. The property was stolen forcefully against the owner’s or authorized person’s will;
D. The accused intentionally used threat, intimidation, or force, against the victim to gain control of it, thus causing the person (s) to surrender the property to the defendant against their will.

Robbery Sentencing
Sentencing for conviction of Tempe AZ robbery charges is harsh. It may include incarceration with sentences not to exceed 3.75 years in State Prison; extended jail time for up to one year; restitution for the victim’s medical bills, property damage, return and/or restitution of the stolen property; supervised probation; mandatory counseling; and a felony on your criminal record that will follow you for years. Other Factors the judge will consider before sentencing include the defendant’s prior criminal record, repeat offenses, nature of robbery, monetary value and number of items stolen.

Robbery Attorney – Criminal Attorney Tempe AZ for Robbery Charges
Arizona prosecution of Tempe AZ robbery charges is aggressive. To defend your Tempe robbery charges you will need an experienced criminal attorney to fight for you. Only with representation by a qualified Arizona criminal defense attorney, will you have a chance at avoiding a conviction, getting a case dismissal, reduced charges, “not-guilty verdict”, reduced sentencing or other favorable outcome in your case. Be sure to hire a good Tempe felony defense attorney who defends robbery charges frequently and understand the Arizona criminal justice system, and defense strategies that can be used based on the circumstances of your case.

March 9, 2011

Any Robbery Charge will expose a defendant to prison terms and harsh sentencing if convicted. Find out more about robbery laws and penalties for robbery.

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

Failure to retain legal representation by an experienced private practice criminal attorney who defends Mesa robbery charges in Arizona will almost always result in conviction.

Mesa AZ robbery charges are considered a Class 4 Felony under Code A.R.S. 13-1902 of Arizona Criminal Law. If you were arrested for robbery in Mesa, AZ you will need to consult good AZ felony attorney who defends felony charges in Mesa AZ regularly. The best criminal lawyers in Arizona agree in most cases that you should initially plead “not guilty” and hire an experienced Arizona criminal attorney who defends Mesa AZ robbery charges to defend your case.

Felony Charges | Robbery Laws | Mesa Arizona
A.R.S. 13-1902 Robbery applies when the following events occur:
A. Someone else’s property was stolen ); and
B. The owner or permissive caretaker, or other authorized party overseeing the property (such as a sales representative at a convenient store) was present at the time of this theft;
C. The property was stolen forcefully against the owner’s or authorized person’s will;
D. The accused intentionally used threat, intimidation, or force, against the owner or custodian of the property to gain control of it, causing the person or authorized party to surrender the property to them against their will.

Robbery Sentencing
Sentencing for robbery in Arizona is harsh. If convicted of Mesa robbery charges, sentencing may include incarceration in state prison with sentences not to exceed 3.75 years; jail sentence up to one year; fines; restitution for the victim’s medical bills, property damage, and stolen property; probation; mandatory counseling; and whatever else the judge feel is necessary based on the facts surrounding your charges. Factors in sentencing by the judge if convicted include any prior criminal record, repeat offenses, nature of robbery, monetary value and number of items stolen.

Robbery Attorney – Criminal Defense for Robbery
Arizona takes a hard line in pursuit of convictions for Mesa AZ robbery charges. If you face Mesa robbery charges, you will need a highly experienced criminal attorney to defend you. Only through qualified legal representation will you gain the best chance at getting a case dismissal, charge or sentencing reduction, or good outcome in your case. Be sure to hire a good felony defense attorney who defends Mesa AZ robbery charges regularly. A good criminal lawyer or defense firm will make sure your rights are not violated; you are treated fairly; and build and mount a strong defense case on your behalf.

March 1, 2011

Robbery Laws: Robbery crimes in Arizona are charged as Felonies and expose a defendant to harsh prison sentencing

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

GILBERT AZ CRIMINAL ATTORNEYS

To defend your Gilbert robbery charges you will need an experienced criminal attorney to defend you. A good Gilbert AZ criminal defense will make sure your rights have not been violated; you are treated fairly; build and mount a strong defense case.

Gilbert AZ robbery charges are classified as Class 4 Felonies under Arizona criminal code A.R.S. 13-1902. If you face robbery charges in Gilbert, AZ you will need to consult a good felony defense attorney who defends Gilbert robbery charges often. Top criminal defense lawyers in Arizona agree in most cases that you should defend your charges and plead “not guilty”. You should as hire an experienced Arizona criminal attorney who defends Gilbert AZ robbery charges to defend you as soon as possible. One key to a winning defense is early retention. You have too much to lose when it come of Arizona Felony charges to let the Arizona prosecution take you on a fast track to conviction without opposition of a qualified defense firm or criminal defense attorney.

Felony Charges | Robbery | Gilbert Arizona
A.R.S. 13-1902 State Laws for Robbery are described as follows (cited in part and paraphrased for legal ease and additional explanation):
A. Someone property was taken; and
B. The owner or permissive caretaker, or other authorized party overseeing the property (such as a sales representative at a convenient store) was present at the time of this theft;
C. The property was stolen forcefully against the owner’s or authorized person’s will;
D. The accused intentionally used threat, intimidation, or force, against the victim to gain control of it, thus causing the person (s) to surrender the property to the defendant against their will.

Robbery Sentencing
Sentencing for conviction of Gilbert AZ robbery charges is severe and generally unwavering. Sentencing may include incarceration with sentences not to exceed 3.75 years in State Prison; extended jail time for up to one year; restitution for the victim’s medical bills, property damage, and return or restitution for the stolen property; supervised probation; mandatory counseling; and a felony on your criminal record that will follow you for years. Other Factors the judge will consider before sentencing include the defendant’s prior criminal record, repeat offenses, nature of robbery, monetary value and number of items stolen.

Robbery Attorney – Criminal Attorney Gilbert AZ for Robbery Charges
Arizona pursues prosecution of Gilbert AZ robbery charges aggressively and to the fullest extent of the law. To defend your Gilbert robbery charges you will need an experienced criminal attorney to fight for you. Only through with qualified legal representation will you have a chance at avoiding a conviction, getting a case dismissal, reduced charges, “not-guilty verdict”, reduced sentencing or other favorable outcome in your case. Be sure to hire a good felony defense attorney who defends Gilbert AZ robbery charges frequently and understand the Arizona criminal justice system as it relates to felonies and robbery charges.

February 18, 2011

Arizona Felony Theft Laws: Factors that elevates a Misdemeanor Theft to a Felony Theft

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

Arizona criminal Lawyer provides insight into Criminal Defense for Theft Charges in Arizona

If you face felony theft charges in Arizona it is important that you contact Arizona criminal attorney who defends charges in the jurisdiction where you were arrested or received charges. Felony theft charge convictions can result in severe penalties, incarceration, in prison or jail, large fines, mandatory restitution and other punishments added as the court deems necessary based on the facts. You may have defenses that can be used to help you avoid a conviction. The best Arizona criminal attorneys agree you’re your chances of getting you’re AZ theft charges dismissed or reduced increase significantly if you retain an experienced Arizona criminal defense attorney.
Arizona Theft Defenses Based on Theft Laws in Arizona
Arizona theft laws begin with A.R.S. 13-1801 and A.R.S. 13-1802 and can be found at the azleg.state.az. Arizona Revised Statutes website. This discussion surrounds excerpts of the law cited in part from A.R.S. “13-1802. Theft; classification which reads in part as follows:

“…A. A person commits theft if, without lawful authority, the person knowingly…: 1. Controls property of another with the intent to deprive the other person of such property… B. A person commits theft if, without lawful authority, the person knowingly takes control, title, use or management of a vulnerable adult’s property while acting in a position of trust and confidence and with the intent to deprive the vulnerable adult of the property….”

It is a comprehensive of a definition. But from a defense standpoint emphasis was added to the words “knowingly” and “intent”. In order to get a conviction the Arizona prosecution will need to prove that you knowingly and intentionally committed the theft. This is just one of many defenses that experienced criminal defense attorneys in Arizona will use to build an effective defense on your behalf. Depending on the circumstances of your case, a good private practice criminal lawyer will recognize other defenses and present compelling arguments on your behalf.

Felony Theft Penalties Arizona
Felony Theft Penalties are determined based on classification of the felony. Felony theft classification is based on the dollar amount or value of the stolen property or service summarized below:

• $25 000. or more = Class 2 Felony;
• $4,000. or more but less than $25,000.00 = Class 3 Felony;
• $3,000. or more but less than $4,000. = Class 4 felony;
• Theft of a vehicle engine or transmission is a Class 4 felony, regardless of the value of that vehicle, engine or transmission;
• $2,000. or more but less than $3,000 = Class 5 felony;
• $1,000. or more but less than $2,000.00 = Class 6 felony;
• Less than $1,000. = Class 6 felony if the stolen property is a firearm or an animal stolen with the intent of using it for animal fighting (A.R.S. 13-2910.01 violation)

If the stolen property or service value is equivalent to $100,000.00 or more the defendants will not be eligible for suspension of sentence, probation, pardon or release from confinement on any basis except as pursuant under section 31-233, subsection A or B until the sentence imposed by the court has been served, the person is eligible for release pursuant to section 41-1604.07 or the sentence is commuted.

Criminal Defense Attorney in Arizona
Arizona felony theft charges have many facets which need to be evaluated by an experienced criminal lawyer to determine from what front the charges may be challenged. A good criminal lawyer in Arizona will know how to use the Arizona Laws to your defense advantage. They will guide you through the criminal law process, while looking for every opportunity to strengthen your defense, challenge evidence, and weaken the prosecution’s case against you. Due to the severity of penalties for felony thefts it is imperative to be defended by an experienced private practice Arizona criminal attorney if you wish to have any chance for success at defending your charges, getting a case dismissal, reduction of charges, sentencing or good outcome in your case.

February 7, 2011

10 Good Reasons a Maricopa County Judge will consider for Modifying Release Conditions

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

Winning Defense Arguments used by top rated Maricopa County DUI or Criminal Defense Attorneys to Modify Release Conditions in your favor.

You or someone on your behalf should consult a criminal or DUI defense lawyer in Scottsdale as soon as possible if you have been arrested or taken into custody. Here is just one reason why: Following your arrest for DUI or other Criminal Charges in Maricopa County you will remain in police custody until you appear before the Maricopa County Court Judge who will read you your formal complaint, rights, and pre-trial release conditions.

The Maricopa County Court Judge’s release conditions should meet the standard of A.R.S. Criminal code Rule 7 requirement of “onerous” (or the least burdensome) initial pre-trial release conditions based on your charges and factors that surround it. If these initial release conditions are too harsh, or unreasonable, you should retain the services of an experienced criminal lawyer who defends criminal, Drug, or DUI charges in Maricopa County. Your Maricopa County Criminal defense Attorney can file an immediate motion while you are still in custody, to modify your release conditions. They will present compelling arguments, and remind the Maricopa County Judge, and prosecution of the Arizona Rule 7 “onerous” standards. The intent of the standard is that it is of a necessary nature only to secure attendance at future court appearances or trial, and that based on the charges, your release does not pose a threat or harm to the community.

Below are 10 of many arguments your attorney may use and the Maricopa County Court will consider in your defense if they apply, in order to honor your Maricopa County criminal attorney’s request to modify your release conditions. This list is not all inclusive:

1) You have a serious medical condition or disability that requires special or constant medical attention or treatment.
2) Financial hardship that will be imposed upon your family, especially if you are the sole provider.
3) Lack of anyone to care for your children while you are in custody, especially if you are a single parent with no other alternatives for their care and supervision.
4) You are the sole care giver to a disabled, ill or elderly family member.
5) Longevity of your residence in Arizona. Strong ties to your family, home, job, in order to illustrate that you are not a “flight risk”.
6) Name and relationship of another responsible, stable person to whom you can be released to for supervision, who will assure your attendance at future court appearances for which you are required to attend.
7) Your willingness to give up any passports that would allow you to flee the United States, or some other type of assurance that you are not in a position to leave the state of Arizona.
8) Lack of financial resources to make bail.
9) You have no prior criminal record or convictions.
10) Nature of the charges for which you were arrested, were not violent. You did not harm or intend to harm anyone. And your release from police custody does not pose as threat to society.

February 2, 2011

Modification of Release Conditions: What to do if your release conditions by the court are unreasonable and too harsh

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

Winning arguments used by experienced criminal Attorneys to request modification of your pre-trial release conditions from Scottsdale AZ Custody.

Following your arrest for DUI or other Criminal Charges in Scottsdale AZ you will remain in police custody until you appear before the Scottsdale Court Judge who will read you your formal complaint, rights, and pre-trial release conditions.

The Scottsdale Court’s release conditions should meet the standard of A.R.S. criminal code rule 7 which requires the Judge to issue orders that are the least “onerous” (or the least burdensome) initial pre-trial release conditions based on your charges and factors that surround it. If you feel the release conditions are too harsh, or unreasonable in nature, you should retain the services of an experienced Scottsdale criminal lawyer. Your Scottsdale Criminal Attorney can file an immediate motion while you are still in custody,
To modify your release conditions. They will present compelling arguments, and remind the Scottsdale Judge, and prosecution of the Arizona rule 7 “onerous” standard. The intent of the standard is that it is of a necessary nature only to secure attendance at future court appearances or trial, and that based on the charges, your release does not pose a threat or harm to the community.

Below are 10 of many factors the Scottsdale Court will consider in your defense in order to honor your Scottsdale criminal attorney’s request to modify your release conditions. This list is not all inclusive:

1) Medical conditions or disabilities that require special or constant medical attention or treatment.
2) Financial hardship your family will suffer, if you are the sole provider.
3) Lack of anyone to care for your children while you are in custody if you are a single parent with no other alternatives for their care and supervision.
4) You are the sole care giver to a disabled or ill family member.
5) Length of residence in Arizona and your strong ties to your home, job, family life in Arizona to argue that you are not a “flight risk”.
6) Name and relationship you have to another stable and responsible person to whom you can be released to, and who will assure your attendance at future court appearances for which you are required to attend.
7) Your willingness to give up any passports that would allow you to flee the United States.
8) Lack of financial resources to make bail.
9) You have no prior criminal record or convictions.
10) Nature of your crime was not violent, you did not harm or intend to harm anyone and your release does not pose as threat to society.

February 1, 2011

Modifying Release Conditions: What to do if you can’t post bond to be released from custody

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

How Good Phoenix Criminal Attorneys get your Pre-trial Release Conditions Modified

Following your arrest and detention you will have an initial appearance before the Phoenix Court Judge. At this time, the Phoenix Court judge will advise you of your pre-trial release conditions. The Judge will let you know if and upon what conditions your release will be allowed. This includes if bail will need to be posted and the bail amount. The judge will also tell you if you are bondable or not. The judge considers many factors before making this decision including classification, misdemeanor or felony, severity of the crime, prior criminal history, flight risk potential and many other factors.

If you feel your release conditions are too harsh, unreasonable, financially unobtainable, or burdensome, your will need to retain an Arizona criminal defense attorney who will immediately file a motion to request modification of your pre-trial release conditions Therefore, if you have been arrested in Phoenix, you or someone on your behalf should consult an Arizona criminal defense attorney who defends criminal charges in Phoenix AZ on a regular basis as soon as possible to discuss your charges, defense options, and modification of your pre-trial release conditions from custody in Phoenix AZ.

Modifications your attorney requests depends upon what release conditions were ordered by the judge. Some modifications your Phoenix Criminal Attorney may request include but are not limited to lowering the bail bond to a reasonable amount; allowing you to be released on your own recognizance; allow an appearance bail, or allow you to be released to home confinement with ankle bracelet security.

When you meet with your Attorney who will be defending your criminal charges and requesting modification of your release conditions, be sure you communicate in detail your concerns about the initial orders and how they will impact you, your family, your job, your financial situation. Your attorney will then formulate compelling arguments and file the appropriate motions with the Phoenix court on your behalf.

January 31, 2011

Differences Between Burglary and Robbery

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

CRIMINAL DEFENSE FOR ROBBERY CHARGES ARIZONA
How Top Rated Criminal Attorneys Defend Robbery and Armed Robbery Charges in Arizona
Arizona Robbery or Armed Robbery Charges
Arizona robbery and armed robbery offenses are prosecuted very aggressively. If you face active charges or were arrested in Arizona for robbery or armed robbery you should consult an experienced Arizona criminal defense attorney who defends cases in the Arizona Court as soon as possible to defend your charges.

The difference between burglary and robbery is that the act of burglary is an offense of forced entry or unlawful entering a building, residence, business or vehicle with the intent to commit or comment a felony theft within the structure.

All Arizona robberies or armed robberies are charged as felonies. A crime is considered a robbery when the accused uses force, intimidation, or fear as a means of taking control of certain property from someone.

Armed Robbery is the same as robbery, with the added factor of the accused being armed with a weapon such as a firearm, or other weapon to gain control of the property from a person or place. Many objects can constitute a weapon and fall within the category of “armed robbery”. For example a broken glass bottle, a baseball bat, knife, or other objects which may or may not have been made for its intended use as a weapon.

Robbery or Armed Robbery Penalties Arizona
Arizona Robbery and armed robbery charges must be taken serious. The penalties are severe and convictions treated with harsh sentencing in the Arizona courts.
If you are convicted of a “dangerous crime” (this is the case if a dangerous weapon is involved or used) the judge will order mandatory prison terms. If weapons are involved, someone is harmed, or even imminent threat of harm occurred, penalties can be doubled form the normal non-dangerous felony sentence range. Robbery sentencing carries a wide minimum and maximum range from 1 year up to 21 years or more in prison depending on the circumstances of each criminal count charged for the incident. Other fines, fees, restitution, or any other punishments the court deems necessary on top of minimum penalties may apply.

Arizona Laws – Robbery and Armed Robbery
Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) Title 13, Chapter 19, Robbery begins with the following citations:

13-1901 Definitions:
In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. “Force” means any physical act directed against a person as a means of gaining control of property. 2. “In the course of committing” includes any of the defendant’s acts beginning with the initiation and extending through the flight from a robbery. 3. “Property of another” means property of another as defined in section 13-1801. 4. “Threat” means a verbal or physical menace of imminent physical injury to a person.

13-1902. Robbery; classification
A. A person commits robbery if in the course of taking any property of another from his person or immediate presence and against his will; such person threatens or uses force against any person with intent either to coerce surrender of property or to prevent resistance to such person taking or retaining property. B. Robbery is a class 4 felony.

13-1903 Aggravated Robbery
A. A person commits aggravated robbery if in the course of committing robbery as defined in section 13-1902, such person is aided by one or more accomplices actually present. B. Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony.

13-1904 Armed Robbery
A. A person commits armed robbery if, in the course of committing robbery as defined in section 13-1902, such person or an accomplice: 1. Is armed with a deadly weapon or a simulated deadly weapon; or 2. Uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or a simulated deadly weapon. B. Armed robbery is a class 2 felony.”
Arizona Robbery or Armed Robbery Defense Tactics | Criminal Defense Attorney
If you are under investigation, been arrested, have active charges of Robbery or Armed Robbery in Arizona, you should immediately consult an Arizona criminal defense or Arizona Robbery or Armed Robbery lawyer to discuss your situation and defense options. You should not discuss your case the police or investigators before consulting a good criminal defense attorney or Robbery or Armed Robbery lawyer in Arizona. Anything you say can be held against you and jeopardize your defense. You should remain silent and politely request to speak with your criminal attorney as soon as possible.

Top Arizona criminal attorneys or Robbery or Armed Robbery defense Attorneys may use a multitude of defenses depending on the circumstances surrounding your Arizona robbery charges or arrest. Below are just a few examples of defenses a good Arizona criminal attorney might use as tactical defense strategies for robbery charges (This list is not inclusive):

• There are generally only a few witnesses to a robbery or armed robbery if any besides the victim. A good robbery or armed robbery defense attorney will challenge the State and make them prove the identity of their suspect, and thus be able to weaken the Arizona prosecution’s case against you.
• You have constitutional rights under both State and Federal Law. If any of them were violated, evidence may be suppressed or even lead to charge dismissal.
• Experienced Attorneys, particularly former prosecutors, have critical insights into police procedures, protocol, prosecution tactics and strategies that may be used by police and prosecutors. Those attorneys will be able to use that knowledge to assist in defending your case, getting evidence dismissed, charges reduced, or robbery charges dismissed if proper procedures were not followed or misconduct by police occurred.
• Experienced robbery defense attorneys will challenge evidence such as surveillance tapes to with regard to whether or not it was in fact the right person arrested.

In sum, robbery or armed robbery charges in Arizona are risky to go at alone as far as trying to defend your self without qualified criminal legal representation through the criminal justice system. In theory, the laws state that you are “innocent until proven guilty”. But in practicality, without a good Arizona criminal defense attorney, the police and prosecution will not look for your innocence, flaws in the prosecutions case, see strength in your arguments, or bother to listen to your story without the formal defense of an Arizona Criminal Defense Attorney. The prosecutions job is to convict you. The judge will not provide empathy or favor. The judge will rarely if ever show you favor or empathy to dismiss your case. They must comply with the procedures and protocol required by standards in the Arizona Courts. They can only ruling on legal motions, presentation of legal arguments through recognized channels, or follow the jury verdict if trial ensues.

With an experienced criminal defense attorney or robbery defense lawyer you will have a voice that is heard in the system, with compelling arguments, defense strategies, and an increased chance of getting your robbery charges dismissed, reduced, or otherwise the best outcome in your case.

January 27, 2011

Burglary, Robbery, and Armed Robbery are all Felonies. Find out how their differences under Arizona Law

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

ROBBERY CHARGES – SCOTTSDALE CRIMINAL DEFENSE
How Top Rated Criminal Attorneys Defend Scottsdale Robbery and Armed Robbery Charges
Scottsdale AZ Robbery or Armed Robbery Charges
Scottsdale robbery and armed robbery offenses are prosecuted very aggressively. If you face active charges or were arrested in Scottsdale, AZ for robbery or armed robbery you should consult an experienced Arizona criminal defense attorney who defends cases in the Scottsdale Court as soon as possible to defend your charges.
The difference between burglary and robbery is that the act of burglary is an offense of forced entry or unlawful entering a building, residence, business or vehicle with the intent to commit or comment a felony theft within the structure.

All Arizona robberies or armed robberies are charged as felonies. A crime is considered a robbery when the accused uses force, intimidation, or fear as a means of taking control of certain property from someone.

Armed Robbery is the same as robbery, with the added factor of the accused being armed with a weapon such as a firearm, or other weapon to gain control of the property from a person or place. Many objects can constitute a weapon and fall within the category of “armed robbery”. For example a broken glass bottle, a baseball bat, knife, or other objects which may or may not have been made for its intended use as a weapon.

Scottsdale Robbery or Armed Robbery Penalties
Arizona Robbery and armed robbery charges must be taken serious. The penalties are severe and convictions treated with harsh sentencing by the Scottsdale courts.
If you are convicted of a “dangerous crime” (this is the case if a dangerous weapon is involved or used) the judge will order mandatory prison terms. If weapons are involved, someone is harmed, or even imminent threat of harm occurred, penalties can be doubled form the normal non-dangerous felony sentence range. Robbery sentencing carries a wide minimum and maximum range from 1 year up to 21 years or more in prison depending on the circumstances of each criminal count charged for the incident. Other fines, fees, restitution, or any other punishments the court deems necessary on top of minimum penalties may apply.

Arizona Laws -Robbery and Armed Robbery
Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) Title 13, Chapter 19, Robbery begins with the following citations:

13-1901 Definitions:
In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. “Force” means any physical act directed against a person as a means of gaining control of property. 2. “In the course of committing” includes any of the defendant’s acts beginning with the initiation and extending through the flight from a robbery. 3. “Property of another” means property of another as defined in section 13-1801. 4. “Threat” means a verbal or physical menace of imminent physical injury to a person.

13-1902. Robbery
A. A person commits robbery if in the course of taking any property of another from his person or immediate presence and against his will; such person threatens or uses force against any person with intent either to coerce surrender of property or to prevent resistance to such person taking or retaining property. B. Robbery is a class 4 felony.

13-1903 Aggravated Robbery
A. A person commits aggravated robbery if in the course of committing robbery as defined in section 13-1902, such person is aided by one or more accomplices actually present. B. Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony.

13-1904 Armed Robbery
A. A person commits armed robbery if, in the course of committing robbery as defined in section 13-1902, such person or an accomplice: 1. Is armed with a deadly weapon or a simulated deadly weapon; or 2. Uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or a simulated deadly weapon. B. Armed robbery is a class 2 felony.

Arizona Robbery or Armed Robbery Defense Tactics | Criminal Defense Attorney AZ
If you are under investigation, been arrested, have active charges of Robbery or Armed Robbery in Arizona, you should immediately consult an Arizona criminal defense or Arizona Robbery or Armed Robbery lawyer to discuss your situation and defense options. You should not discuss your case the police or investigators before consulting a good criminal defense attorney or Robbery or Armed Robbery lawyer in Arizona. Anything you say can be held against you and jeopardize your defense. You should remain silent and politely request to speak with your criminal attorney as soon as possible.

Top Arizona criminal attorneys or Robbery or Armed Robbery defense Attorneys may use a multitude of defenses depending on the circumstances surrounding your Scottsdale robbery charges or arrest. Below are just a few examples of defenses a good Scottsdale criminal attorney might use as tactical defense strategies for robbery charges (This list is not inclusive):

• There are generally only a few witnesses to a robbery or armed robbery if any besides the victim. A good robbery or armed robbery defense attorney will challenge the State and make them prove the identity of their suspect, and thus be able to weaken the Scottsdale prosecution’s case against you.
• You have constitutional rights under both State and Federal Law. If any of them were violated, evidence may be suppressed or even lead to charge dismissal.
• Experienced Attorneys, particularly former prosecutors, have critical insights into police procedures, protocol, prosecution tactics and strategies that may be used by police and prosecutors. Those attorneys will be able to use that knowledge to assist in defending your case, getting evidence dismissed, charges reduced, or robbery charges dismissed if proper procedures were not followed or misconduct by police occurred.
• Experienced robbery defense attorneys will challenge evidence such as surveillance tapes to with regard to whether or not it was in fact the right person arrested.

In sum, robbery or armed robbery charges in Scottsdale are dangerous to go at alone and try to defend yourself. In theory, the law is that you are innocent until proven guilty. But in practicality, without a good Scottsdale criminal defense attorney, the criminal justice system will not look for your innocence, flaws in the prosecutions case, see strength in your arguments, or provide you will any empathy or favor. Conviction is imminent.

The job of the Scottsdale prosecution on behalf of the state of Arizona is to convict you, not help you. With an experienced criminal defense attorney or robbery defense lawyer you will have a voice that is heard in the system, with compelling arguments, defense strategies, and an increased chance of getting your robbery charges dismissed, reduced, or otherwise the best outcome in your case.

January 26, 2011

Disorderly Conduct Offenses: Law, Penalties, and common defenses used to challenge disorderly conduct charges

by James E. Novak, P.L.L.C.

DEFENDING DISORDERLY CONDUCT CHARGES
Defenses good Disorderly Conduct Attorneys in Phoenix, AZ use to fight your disorderly conduct charges
Disorderly Conduct Charges Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix Disorderly conduct charges are often referred to as “disturbing the peace”. If you have been arrested or charged with any disorderly conduct charges in Phoenix, AZ, you should consult an Arizona criminal defense attorney or disorderly conduct defense attorney as soon as possible to discuss your charges and defense options.

Some of the best disorderly conduct Attorneys in Arizona agree that this offense is over used and is often charged when the Phoenix police when they can’t find anything else to charge you with, and they are annoyed with you. From a defense standpoint, the facts of the alleged “disorderly conduct” is over stated or exaggerated by law enforcement or police who arrested you or charged you for it.

There are a number of behaviors that the Phoenix Police view as disruptive behavior and that will lead to charges or arrest for disorderly conduct in Phoenix, AZ. These can include, but are not limited to the following intentional acts: Fighting with others or engaging in combative behavior; Making “unreasonable” noise; Cursing, loud, abusive, or offensive language to another person for the purpose of provocation or other reason; Engaging in behavior that disrupts business operations; Refusing to leave an area as directed by officials (for instance: the scene of a fire or emergency); Recklessly handling, or displaying a firearm or other dangerous weapon to intentionally provoke, intimidate, or make someone fear that harm to them is imminent.

The disturbance may be reported to the police due to the disruptive, loud, or intimidating behavior by family, friends, co-workers, groups, neighbors, business owners, business patrons, or other entity. In many cases, the police are already on the scene for another matter, other violations, and simply become annoyed with you.

Arizona Disorderly Conduct Laws
If you were charged or arrested in Phoenix Arizona, your charges will fall under the authority of the Arizona laws.
Disorderly Conduct in Arizona can be found beginning under Revised Statutes – A.R.S. Arizona Disorderly Conduct Law 13-2904. Disorderly conduct.

Phoenix Disorderly Conduct Penalties
Generally a disorderly conduct misdemeanor charge is categorized as a Class 1. A Class 1 misdemeanor is the highest level of misdemeanor (just below a felony) under Arizona Law. Sentencing may include up to 6 months incarceration in prison, and fines of $2,500.

Depending on the circumstances, a basic, disorderly conduct charge with no aggravated factors do not justify punishments of the maximum sentence. However, no any disorderly conduct conviction may include jail time, probation, fines, fees, and other penalties the judge deems appropriate including counseling and community service.
Disorderly conduct charges that include use of a firearm or other dangerous weapon will elevate the charge to a class 6 felony.

Felony disorderly conduct convictions carry a maximum punishment of one year in prison. You would also possess a criminal record which labels you as a convicted felon. Penalties less than the maximum may include jail, probation, fines, fees, counseling, and other penalties the Arizona judge deems necessary based on your circumstances.

Phoenix AZ Disorderly Conduct Defenses
Below are just some defense strategies that a criminal defense attorney who (defends disorderly conduct charges in the Phoenix Arizona Court may use to build your defense case. This list is not all inclusive:

1)You were attempting protect someone against harm or injury, who was unable to protect themselves;
2) Wrong person charged (this often applies when groups of people or multiple persons are involved in civil assemblies that turn violent) ;
3) No witnesses, No evidence, no video, audio, or other evidence to prove you displayed disorderly conduct;
4) You acted under threat, provocation or intimidation;
5) The evidence, audio or video disproves or contradicts police allegations
6) Police brutality;
7) No other justifiable reason for charges, other than the police officer was annoyed with you;
8) You were exercising your right to “free speech” under the Constitution in an approved location, in an appropriate, orderly and peaceful fashion;.
9) The police were not aware you suffer from a physical or mental impairment that caused you to appear to have “a bad attitude”, with no proof or other justification;
10) Actions were in self – or in defense, defense of home, property, or family
11) Violations of Your Arizona State or U.S. Constitutional Rights;
12) Objective witness statements overwhelmingly contradict the police officers statements;
13) The police officer has a history of disciplinary actions in similar circumstances.
14) Someone else started the altercation;
15) Your actions were not committed “with intent to disturb the peace or quiet of a neighborhood, family or person or with knowledge of doing so…” as required by A.R.S.

13-2904. Disorderly conduct;
Phoenix Disorderly Conduct Attorney
A good Phoenix AZ criminal defense or disorderly conduct attorney will conduct a thorough investigation of all the facts to determine if the charge was justified or not. In many cases there will be flaws or weaknesses in their case. This offense is often used as a “catch all” excuse for the police to subdue, charge, or arrest you. It is usually very subjective in nature.

As a result, a good Arizona disorderly conduct or criminal defense lawyer in Phoenix Arizona will attempt to find flaws and weaknesses in the prosecution’s case, and present compelling arguments in your defense. Retaining an experienced Arizona disorderly conduct attorney will greatly increase your chances of getting your disorderly conduct charges dismissed, reduced, or otherwise the best outcome in your case.